EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF CYPERMETHRIN AND MANAGEMENTAL PRACTICES ON THE PREVALENCE OF TICK-BORNE DISEASES IN DISTRICT KHYBER
1. The University of Agriculture, Peshawar
4. Livestock and Dairy Development (Extension) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Peshawar
Abstract
Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) are a major challenge to livestock productivity in Pakistan, particularly in Khyber District, where climatic conditions favor tick proliferation. This study evaluated the impact of cypermethrin spraying frequency and management practices on the prevalence of TBDs. Data were collected from 33 dairy farms (government-sponsored and private) using structured questionnaires, physical examinations, OPD records, and microscopic blood smear analyses. A total of 508 cattle were examined, with 26.18% testing positive for TBDs. Anaplasmosis (15.5%) was most prevalent, followed by theileriosis (9.6%) and babesiosis (0.98%). Weekly spraying significantly reduced TBD prevalence (10.5%) compared to monthly (12.8%), occasional (18.4%), and seldom (58.6%) spraying (P < 0.001). Farm cleanliness was also significant (P = 0.03), with excellent hygiene associated with the lowest mean TBD occurrence, while poor hygiene showed the highest. Herd size had a notable effect (P = 0.002), as large herds averaged more cases compared to small herds. Other factors such as ventilation, bedding, and floor cracks were statistically non-significant. These findings highlight that regular acaricide application combined with strong farm hygiene and smaller herd sizes are key to minimizing TBD prevalence. The study underscores the need for integrated control measures to improve livestock health and productivity in the region.
المراجع
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Received: سبتمبر 23, 2026; Published: يونيو 30, 2026
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